✦ AT A GLANCE ✦

الفرقان

Al-Furqan

The Criterion · 77 verses · meccan · 10 min read

✦ Why this name

The Criterion — al-Furqan, a name for the Quran itself: what separates truth from falsehood.

✦ When it came

Meccan. The objections quoted are the ones actually being made in the streets: why does he eat food, why does he walk in the markets, why was an angel not sent instead.

✦ The story

Most of the surah answers mockery, and it answers by quoting it accurately first. *"What is this messenger who eats food and walks in the markets?"* The reply is simple: every messenger before him did exactly that.

But the surah is remembered for how it ends. After all the noise, it describes the servants of the Most Merciful — and the description is almost entirely about restraint. They walk on the earth gently. When the ignorant address them, they say "peace". They spend the night in prayer. They are neither extravagant nor stingy but somewhere in between. They do not bear false witness, and when they pass by ill speech, they pass by with dignity.

And they ask for one thing: *"Our Lord, grant us from among our spouses and offspring comfort to our eyes."*

✦ How it unfolds

  1. AYAH 1-34

    The objections

    A messenger who eats and walks in markets, and a Quran not sent all at once — each objection quoted and answered.

  2. AYAH 45-62

    Signs in the ordinary

    The lengthening shadow, night as a covering, sleep as rest, wind before rain, two seas that do not mix.

  3. AYAH 63-77

    The servants of the Most Merciful

    Fourteen verses of character: gentleness, night prayer, moderation, avoiding falsehood — and the du'a for family.

✦ Verses to carry

Sources

Introductions to the surah in Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Mawdudi's Tafhim al-Qur'an; ayah numbering per the Madani mushaf.

Awaiting scholar review — please read alongside a trusted tafsir.